SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    1407, 1419, 1129, 1440, 1383, 1443, 1083, 
    1072, 1414, 1070, 1127, 1133, 1377
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'

Query time 0.00066

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "11",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 13,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (1407,1419,1129,1440,1383,1443,1083,1072,1414,1070,1127,1133,1377) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
1070
1072
1083
1127
1129
1133
1377
1383
1407
1414
1419
1440
1443