SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    2082, 2122, 2198, 2199, 2235, 2247, 2258, 
    2269, 2273, 2319, 2380, 2388
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'

Query time 0.00066

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "11",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (2082,2122,2198,2199,2235,2247,2258,2269,2273,2319,2380,2388) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
2082
2122
2198
2199
2235
2247
2258
2269
2273
2319
2380
2388