SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    607, 643, 677, 693, 714, 725, 775, 825, 
    871, 962, 1079, 1115
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'de'

Query time 0.00110

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "11",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (607,643,677,693,714,725,775,825,871,962,1079,1115) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'de'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
607
643
677
693
714
725
775
825
871
962
1079
1115