SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    1714, 1721, 1812, 1860, 2317, 2351, 779, 
    782, 784, 862, 868, 1574
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'

Query time 0.00086

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (1714,1721,1812,1860,2317,2351,779,782,784,862,868,1574) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
779
782
784
862
868
1574
1714
1721
1812
1860
2317
2351