SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    2232, 1661, 1699, 1705, 1708, 1710, 2265, 
    851, 1685, 3109, 3119
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'de'

Query time 0.00151

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 11,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (2232,1661,1699,1705,1708,1710,2265,851,1685,3109,3119) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'de'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
851
1661
1685
1699
1705
1708
1710
2232
2265
3109
3119