SELECT 
  cfp.category_filter_id, 
  cfp.product_id, 
  cfp.value, 
  cfp.value_min, 
  cfp.value_max, 
  cfp.options, 
  cf.category_id, 
  cf.type, 
  cf.options as filter_options, 
  cfd.title, 
  cfd.lang_code 
FROM 
  cscart_category_filter_products AS cfp 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_filters AS cf ON cf.category_filter_id = cfp.category_filter_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_filter_descriptions AS cfd ON cfd.category_filter_id = cf.category_filter_id 
  AND cfd.lang_code = 'de' 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND cfp.product_id IN (
    2476, 1535, 1580, 1613, 1623, 1636, 1644, 
    1670, 1671, 1673, 1676, 1713
  ) 
ORDER BY 
  cfp.category_filter_id ASC

Query time 0.00236

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "read_sorted_file": {
      "filesort": {
        "sort_key": "cfp.category_filter_id",
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cfp",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "rows": 5778,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cfp.product_id in (2476,1535,1580,1613,1623,1636,1644,1670,1671,1673,1676,1713)"
        }
      }
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cf",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_filter_id"],
      "ref": ["dev.cfp.category_filter_id"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cfd",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "10",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_filter_id", "lang_code"],
      "ref": ["dev.cf.category_filter_id", "const"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(cfd.lang_code = 'de' and trigcond(cf.category_filter_id is not null))"
    }
  }
}

Result

category_filter_id product_id value value_min value_max options category_id type filter_options title lang_code
19 1535 107 107.0000000000 107.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1580 130 130.0000000000 130.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1613 146 146.0000000000 146.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1623 151 151.0000000000 151.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1636 158 158.0000000000 158.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1644 162 162.0000000000 162.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1670 175 175.0000000000 175.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1671 175 175.0000000000 175.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1673 176 176.0000000000 176.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1676 178 178.0000000000 178.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 1713 196 196.0000000000 196.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
19 2476 322 322.0000000000 322.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","seller_can_use_any":"Y","buyer_can_use_any":"Y","values_set":"3"} Server de
20 1535 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1580 331 331.0000000000 331.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1613 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1623 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1636 331 331.0000000000 331.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1644 331 331.0000000000 331.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1670 331 331.0000000000 331.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1671 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1673 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1676 331 331.0000000000 331.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 1713 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de
20 2476 332 332.0000000000 332.0000000000 [] 44 select_set {"type":"list","values_set":"4"} Side de