SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    2476, 1535, 1580, 1613, 1623, 1636, 1644, 
    1670, 1671, 1673, 1676, 1713
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'de'

Query time 0.00110

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (2476,1535,1580,1613,1623,1636,1644,1670,1671,1673,1676,1713) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'de'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
1535
1580
1613
1623
1636
1644
1670
1671
1673
1676
1713
2476