SELECT 
  cf.category_filter_id, 
  cfd.title as category_filter_title, 
  cfv.category_filter_value_id, 
  cfvd.title as category_filter_value_title 
FROM 
  cscart_category_filter_products cfp 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_filters cf ON cf.category_filter_id = cfp.category_filter_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_filter_descriptions cfd ON cfd.category_filter_id = cf.category_filter_id 
  AND cfd.lang_code = 'en' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_filter_values cfv ON cfv.category_filter_value_id = cfp.value 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_filter_value_descriptions cfvd ON cfvd.category_filter_value_id = cfv.category_filter_value_id 
  AND cfvd.lang_code = 'en' 
WHERE 
  cfp.product_id = 2247

Query time 0.00161

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cfp",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "rows": 5774,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cfp.product_id = 2247"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cf",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_filter_id"],
      "ref": ["dev.cfp.category_filter_id"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "using_index": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cfd",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "10",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_filter_id", "lang_code"],
      "ref": ["dev.cf.category_filter_id", "const"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(cfd.lang_code = 'en' and trigcond(cf.category_filter_id is not null))"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cfv",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "4",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_filter_value_id"],
      "ref": ["dev.cfp.value"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(cfv.category_filter_value_id = cfp.`value`)",
      "using_index": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cfvd",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "10",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_filter_value_id", "lang_code"],
      "ref": ["dev.cfv.category_filter_value_id", "const"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "trigcond(cfvd.lang_code = 'en' and trigcond(cfv.category_filter_value_id is not null))"
    }
  }
}