SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    1097, 1268, 1284, 1296, 1326, 1338, 1345, 
    1366, 1379, 1381, 1402, 1405
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'

Query time 0.00110

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (1097,1268,1284,1296,1326,1338,1345,1366,1379,1381,1402,1405) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id short_description full_description
1097
1268
1284
1296 <p>Test Coa</p>
1326
1338
1345
1366 <p>Test Build</p>
1379
1381
1402
1405